Typhoid infection is acquired through contaminated food or water. Most UK cases are in those visiting friends and relatives in countries of the Indian subcontinent.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis is a viral infection usually transmitted through the bite of an infected tick that exists in parts of central, eastern and northern Europe across Russia to parts of eastern Asia predominantly at altitudes lower than 1,500m.

Rabies is a serious viral disease that poses a significant threat to humans, usually transmitted through bites or scratches, commonly from infected animals like dogs. The virus affects the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological complications.

Meningitis B is a bacterial infection caused by the Neisseria meningitidis group B bacteria. It can lead to severe inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes and can result in serious complications or even death if not treated promptly.

Hajj and Umrah are pilgrimages to Mecca for the Islamic religion that take place in Saudi Arabia. While Hajj takes place at specific times of the year, Umrah can take place at any time.

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a brain infection transmitted by mosquitoes in parts of Asia and the Pacific. Mosquitoes that transmit JE are active at night, mostly in rural areas with rice cultivation and pig farming.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver spread by direct contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person. It occurs worldwide with the highest rates reported in parts of East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.